Turf Wars at Sea: Portugal's Maritime Forces in Disarray Over Border Control

The recent arrival of 38 Moroccans on Boca do Rio beach in Vila do Bispo, Algarve, has highlighted the chaotic state of maritime border control in Portugal. Three entities with jurisdiction over maritime borders—the Navy, Maritime Police, and GNR—are at odds, operating in silos without coordination.

A Clash of Competencies

The Navy lacks authority to intercept illegal immigrants or combat drug trafficking unless lives are at risk. In the case of the 38 migrants, had the Navy spotted them, they would have had to alert the GNR or Maritime Police. An ex-Navy official revealed that these agencies do not communicate, leading to inefficiencies and gaps in coastal surveillance.

Who’s in Charge?

Confusion reigns, with media initially reporting the Maritime Police as first responders. In reality, it was the GNR, alerted by a local businessman. Both forces share overlapping responsibilities, further complicating enforcement. The PSP later stepped in, handling temporary安置 centers, while the Judiciary Police (PJ) alone can investigate crimes like human trafficking.

Military vs. Police: A Philosophical Divide

Former Navy Chief Henrique Gouveia e Melo argued for a unified maritime strategy, emphasizing efficiency. However, César Nogueira of the GNR Professionals Association (APG) countered, stating that military and police roles must remain distinct to avoid compromising civil rights.

PSP’s Frustration

The PSP, responsible for 91% of non-EU citizen arrivals at airports, questions why it lacks investigative powers over illegal immigration. Bruno Pereira of the PSP Officers’ Union advocates for a single border control authority to streamline operations.

Why Few Migrants Arrive by Sea

Portugal’s Atlantic coastline acts as a natural deterrent. Over five years, only 147 migrants arrived by boat. Pereira notes that those who do arrive are often exploited by trafficking networks, forced into prostitution, domestic slavery, or begging rings.

A Growing Threat

A Navy source warns that Portugal’s route may become more popular as migrant networks establish footholds on land, making it easier to find shelter.