Overview of Immigration Proposals by Political Parties
As of 2024, Portuguese authorities estimate that there are 1.6 million foreign residents in Portugal, reflecting a significant increase in recent years, which is now central to the electoral programs of various parties.
Border Control
If they return to power, PSD (Social Democratic Party) and CDS-PP (People's Party) will push for the establishment of a National Unit for Foreigners and Borders, a measure rejected by PS (Socialist Party) and Chega in parliament. The AD (Social Democratic Party) proposes creating a specialized police unit within the PSP (Public Security Police) for border control, following the dissolution of the SEF (Foreigners and Borders Service) in 2023. Chega criticizes this process and seeks to centralize administrative and police functions, while IL (Liberal Initiative) suggests a unit that centralizes border control and oversight of foreign residents.
Regularization Processes for Immigrants
The AD plans to revise the current process for issuing residence certificates through local councils, aiming for a system that centralizes records and limits the number of testimonies required. Meanwhile, Chega aims to criminalize illegal residency in Portugal and implement a quota policy for immigrants based on labor market needs.
On the left, BE (Left Bloc) and CDU (United Democratic Coalition) agree on the need to streamline residence permit processes, enhancing the Agency for Integration, Migrations, and Asylum's (AIMA) response capacity.
Integration and Social Rights
Most parties propose Portuguese language learning as key for foreign integration. The AD aims to promote knowledge of Portuguese culture, while BE emphasizes ensuring access to social rights, including healthcare and housing programs for areas with a high migrant workforce. CDU advocates for measures to defend social and labor rights, focusing on equal access to education and culture for foreign children.
Combating Exploitation and Human Trafficking
Combatting exploitation and trafficking of people is highlighted by left-wing parties. The PS proposes creating regular and safe immigration channels to ensure adequate reception and integration conditions. The BE stresses the need to hold accountable those who exploit immigrants, while CDU seeks more effective measures against trafficking networks.
Labor Market Coordination
The PS emphasizes the need for coordination with the labor market, proposing a quicker integration process for foreign workers already in Portugal. They suggest that immigrants seeking work visas should be attended to within 30 days of arrival. The PS also supports a fast-track process for companies hiring foreign workers who commit to providing housing and language training.
Nationality Law
Critics of the current Nationality Law include AD, Chega, and IL, who propose revising nationality attribution requirements. The PSD-CDS-PP coalition suggests extending the minimum residency period, while Chega seeks to limit nationality to those with a genuine connection to Portugal, including language proficiency and cultural knowledge. IL calls for stricter integration criteria, including language mastery and clean criminal records.
Additional Measures
The AD emphasizes the need to enhance the efficiency of return procedures and create incentives for voluntary return. Chega proposes conditions that necessitate the return of immigrants who commit crimes or cannot support themselves. Livre suggests establishing an International Humanitarian Pass and recognizing climate refugee statuses.
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