The 1722 earthquake in the Algarve, often overshadowed by the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, remains a pivotal event in the region's seismic history. Striking on December 27th, 1722, this earthquake is noted as the most powerful ever recorded in Algarve, though it lacks comprehensive documentation.
Recent Tremors
On March 24th, 2023, a 4.4 magnitude quake occurred approximately 75 km south of Faro, felt most intensely in Faro and Albufeira, where it reached intensity levels of III/IV on the modified Mercalli scale. Despite being noticeable, it was relatively mild compared to historical quakes.
The 1969 Earthquake
The 1969 earthquake, registering 7.9 on the Richter scale, remains etched in the memory of locals, particularly affecting areas like Vila do Bispo and Portimão, resulting in 13 fatalities and widespread destruction.
The Catastrophe of 1722
To grasp the true impact of the 1722 earthquake, we must consider the mass destruction it caused from Tavira to Loulé. Reports from the time reveal that numerous churches, convents, and homes were entirely destroyed or rendered uninhabitable. The quake's intensity is estimated to be IX on the Mercalli scale, with the epicenter likely located northwest of Tavira.
Experts suggest the quake was triggered by a tectonic phenomenon known as diapirism, which caused powerful seismic waves estimated at 7.8 on the Richter scale. Notably, the Gilão/Séqua River in Tavira dried up quickly during the quake, leading to a tsunami that struck unsuspecting vessels.
Historical Significance
The 1722 earthquake is crucial in understanding Portugal's seismic history, although the absence of detailed records leaves many questions unanswered. Studies indicate that if a similar quake were to occur today, it could potentially result in 12,000 casualties.
The true legacy of this earthquake remains clouded in uncertainty, further obscured by the more infamous 1755 Lisbon earthquake, which overshadowed it in historical discourse.
References
- Baptista, M., Miranda, J., Lopes, F.L., Joaquim. The source of the 1722 Algarve earthquake: evidence from MCS and Tsunami data. Universidade de Coimbra.
- Assessment of Seismic Risk in Algarve. Instituto Superior Técnico. CCDR Algarve.
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